Historically, using either a wooden or stone pulp-beating board (length 1.3m by width 70cm and thickness 15cm), the white bark strips are placed in a suitable amount and beaten with square wooden rods end to end and back again over and over. They are beaten for around 1 hour, then a bit of water is added, then the side that was receiving the beating is then beaten with a small slitted mallet, one in each hand, for around 20 minutes. This is a monotonous and energy-intensive activity. This is continued until the fibres are properly loosened. Currently, this work is sometimes done by machine. Papermakers across the country have various ways of doing this task, including machinery and hand tools