urn:nl-mpi-tools-elan-eaf:75a3c8a4-075f-4e6c-93fb-45817ac8d47b
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Dand' kuk Ngapun anak Jun
Dayak branak akuk di Bung Embhan
Andu biranak nga sawa 1947
Ru'uu di Bung Embhan, daya biranak akuk di Bung Embhan. Muun ke BRS [Bengoh resettlement scheme] nga sawa 2013
Aku pandai ndai buko so sama ku…sama ku ngajar aku ndah buko..pak nga sawa...aku natun sok sikura di Embhan diyuk... Aku ndah buko sawa 1960
So kapih kaam dapod bara besi, bara keyuh ngan nuh ndah sibong?
sibong [re-emphasize]..pakai besi ngan pakai sinda
So ki kaam dapod ea?
Dapud ku sok keday…miris sok keday, so keday Bai Gadong [di Kampung Bengoh]
Agak besi nuh miris sok dieh. Nuh muh ndah kok, ndai sinda. Ngasun sinda andu sit nga ndai kayuh halus, sepen uwii, ndah sibong-i, masam-masam kayuh ndah pakai sinda amai sinda andu sit
Aku nd'tes kok anuk sok ting-i, aku ndai ting-i, aku ndai jawin-i. Jawin-i jadi aku ndai ke-i, nigog ea. Ayuh muh jadi aku ngikir-i.Kok ku ngikir-i ku parik nyepoh…kok ku nyepoh-i ayuh muh jadi. Aku parik ngikir jawin-i ayuh muh tengun. Munuk adu
so pereg po ea munok, wek ea samah
[re-emphasize] parik nang bauh?
Sopurug kok’ wek ea samah: kok’ tekin, kok’ hle'pak, kok’ tuhuk, kok’ sebu nuh samah ndah ea, wek ea samah
Duwuh jam aku ndai buko [muntik] andu nuk suk yuh: sok aku ndai ting-i, ndai jawin-i, ligog ke-i, ndai ubak-i, ndai sarong/sibong-i...
kok kasak, muh kasak, muh pes hang sibong-i, nuh nekin-i, moh jadi jepak keyuh ngan meh teban ka terun...
moh bok cerita-i..
Pakai ani kaam ndah sibong bukok?
Pakai sinda
Duh...Keyuh, bala keyuh pakai ndah ea?
Keyuh tek, ngan ndah sibong andu
Nuh meh hung-i, muh jadi nuh meh hung-i, nuh suba ndak kok hang-i…nuh muh nyupe-i…kok nyupe pes kok hang-i...
kok pes kok’ hang-i, palik kasak, kok kasak, nuh ndai ubak buko, kok ndai ubak buko, nuh ndai song sibong-i , nuh muh pes hang sibong nuh muh nekin-i, nuh metak ke telun teban
Ngumand' juwah, ka ngumand' teduk-i ngan keyu ke terun, uhangk'
Beguk kaam pakai warna nga ndai corak kok? Beguk maksud ea?
Beguk maksud-i, mun nuk yoh bileh benguh bua uwii sok terun, yoh hngot bua uwii so terun guh pakai buzik periuk sapur ngan buzik periuk yoh bisa hngot
Nuh moh ndai corak-corak-i bisa sangon. Bisa hngot bisa bleh, muki neoh ndai warna adup nuh ndah bisa sangon
Boleh kaam dean sopurug bahagian bala gayang?
Boleh. Gayang sok aku dean ngan noh pakai ngan leja...
Ndi, kok’ hlepak ngan tebeng keyuh bahas. Duwuh, kok’ tekin ngan nduh jepak keyuh muak suk. Taruh-i, buko ngan nehuk. Pat, buko anggok/buko tikok ngan nyebu padi. Pat masam buko ngan leja
[sawun ngan banuh] dak Sangon...[penterjemah] dak sangon
Bala daya bok nyambut gawai wek ea abo pakai barang bleh basa hngot mun barang sumba yah. Agi angan nundak adat nonok yuh?
Tunda ea, ngak nyamba bo nah Gawai ea masam mun ea gawai rami mesti kain bleh bekerk ngan hngot mesti bekerk
Dundan sok asal dawuh-i, sok simbuk babai nenek moyang dawuh-i mun asar muntik, pakai kaler hngot kaler bleh
Asal-i ati sok dawuk-i, babai simbuk nang-i lahit atik nuh
Deka jadin tik muh duh ayuh sak ndai ani ati
Kieh nyamba pandai ndah ati
Ati kieh nang supe...
supe...atik duwuh supe...
uwii
Awus, menguk...gitek guh sibong ea atik
Ati menguk, satong[engkabang] sibong atik
Ati buko suk nga pa'id keyuh uwii
Ati gitek guh ubak ea, budak ea
Ani dun buko anuk bai?
Anak buko, [sawun] ngan kuk ngeb'pangk' [benuh] ngan simuk-i ngeb'pangk' cari ndangk'...
ati buko ngan ku nawuk...
bak gitek guh...
tarak-i ati tembaga...
Dun-i buko tuhuk...
Ati ngasun ahi buko ati nga rebak...
buko rebak/buko tekin...
bak-i ati dien
Ani-i ati lahit wan nyamba nang
Ati muh bauh, plastik...
muh duh dapud keyuh...
ati ayuh hngot atik, peterk nelengk'
Ati buko hle'pak
Ati buko tawuk
Ati ngan simbuk-i ngeb'pangk'
Ati buko tekin...
ngan simbuk-i ngeb'pangk guh, ngan-i ndai apui di dapur. Ngan-i ndai bpayu
Buko ati ngan melik ka kampung emba...
ngan kadi metok sok kejak
Adup mai ndai ka sopurug buko ati?
Adup ku ndai sopurug-i ati
Muki kaam rak ngen bara rega kok muntik di daya? Yun daya? mun daya rak miris ea?
Mun dayak rak miris-i, aku nang aki yuh suka, suka muk nuh mit atau suka mun ati. Aku jua limoh ringgit atik mun gaya
Aku jua limoh ringgit, mun-i samun sibong mun tik moh simung ringgit
Mun ati adi bagak, dayak an mit ati bagak samun sibong-i ati aku ngien simung rimuh ati mua bagak
Nyam kaam ndah parang yuh, beguk ayuh muh bukun sok dawuk kaam ndai yah, bala keyuh ea, corak ea. Gage mun ea ataupun muh tukar?
Dagik bisa tukar, mun amba-i, tundak amba-i, mun dayak rak tukar adi amba munki rak nah buko dak bukun sok amba-i, duh bisa
Jadi gage samah lah? [tukang kok] Gage samah. [penemuramah] Pak keyuh ngah mai pakai ngan ndai-i dawuk-i kaam pakai buru pak madin kaam pakai grind, anuk muh berubah?
Muh berubah, duh andu adu muh berubah. Dawuk yah mutik muput [sambil menunjukkan teknik tradisional] tebak, pak madin ati aku moh pakai muntik [sambil menunjukkan teknik terbaru]...
[banuh] yuh, pakai grind, [sawun] pakai kipas
Mani kaam pakai grind, kaam duh pakai buru?
Muh dagik sok-i siloh tanak temi nuh duh tungang dapud teru jepak keyuh di tanak temi
Bagak bluk along anuk pak dayak duh dak nuh jepak keyuh
Ani patang larang be'lanth?
Cerita be'lanth sok dawuk yah sebab ik pelih...
cerita be'lanth dawuk yah sok simbuk babai yah...
ayuh si'uu siyok, si'uu ayo' di be'lanth dawuk yah di Bung Embhan
Agi melih-i anuk, ayuh buus hak be'lanth, ayuh duwuh naan buus hak be'lanth...
pakai lecih tembaga anuk jawen nak di tangan...
lepas anuk, agi sawun-i anuk ngien man-i di derum be'lanth...
ayuh bayuh puan nang cerita-i anuk dayung duh siun merut hang be'lanth...
lepas anuk, bila merik be'lanth meh, ayuh ndai besi duh bisa jadi...
agi nyamba anuk dean nang, sebab kok muk duh sak jadi beguk sawun muk di ka kuu ngan muk meris be'lanth teban tubik muk...
sawu-sawu yuh-yuh, ayuh teban nug hak be'lanth. Sebab-i munok buko muk an reak, petak, yuh midap sawun muk. Kan ayuh dayung, sak nuk nenek babai-i dawuk'i, ra'ak
Sangon besi nah uh, kamboi nuh moh nyipoh-i bisa ra'ak sid-i sebab-i midap dayung
Munki sebab-i midap dayung, ani midap-i dieh? [wife] letik
Kan noh dari, mudah ndai adi munuk. Munuk goh jadin andu cerita dayung muh duh dapod merut hang be'lanth...
amai agi babai anuk dean nang sawun-i merot diang be'lanth teban tubik-i ngan meris be'lanth anuk.. Kok-i muh duh jadi muh abo ra'ak, petak...
ayuh muh ngubah-i, muh duh dak dayung diang be'lanth. Moh parik ndah meris-i boh, moh duh dak dayung merut hang be'lanth ayuh muh melis-i muh jadi kok-i muh dagik ra'ak. Munuk adu cerita be'lanth besi...
nug be'he, arang-i anuk duh guh dayung tungang te'mak...
kabeh-i duh siun...
mun nuk cerita be'lanth
Ani kayuh adi bisa mai maan, adi duh bisa maan sibayuh ka'am ndai buko?
Nuh duh bisa maan taban hang be'lanth: bandung, lakud, kuduk anuk duh siun teban ke be'lanth...
besi midap eh
An ka'am beda bala anak mai jadi mun ka'am guh tundah ndah bala parang?
An ku dak nah-i, pak-i adup-i duh an, duh bisa
Mun deh an, dak ku rak mun adup ku, bisa mun aku ayuh duh ngajak dayak...
Mun-i duh bisa, ayuh dak dayak ndai buko mun tik. Ayuh moh milis-i, moh ngien pah-i, ngien gaji dayak. Munuk adu kamboi duh bisa nah-i
Jadi kemi ka'am duh ngajar anak mai ataupun anak mai duh pandai ndai atik, muki gaya ilmu-i hilang lah, menyap?
Muh menyap ilmu ku nah nik muntik...
beba kuk menyap, buko kuk menyap, leta-leta kuk mun tik moh bo menyap...
mun adup kuk moh nyamba, moh menyap leta kuk muntik moh dagik dayak pakai. Mun anak kuk an pakai, an belajar ayuh duh menyap...
ayuh senang, duh duh sah milis sok dayak, ngupah dayak nah-i. Bukan senang ndi ati limoh ringgit ati...
[sawun] andu simung duwuh, [sawun nga benuh] mun-i a'un nah ati, pat puru...[sawun] a'un besi pat puru, buko atik bagak
My name is Ngapun anak Jun
I was born in Bung Embhan
I was born in 1947 at Bung Embhan
I lived in Bung Embhan, and I moved to the Bengoh resettlement in 2013
I learnt about blacksmithing from my father...[attempt to recall the period] since the primary school in Embhan was established...in 1960...I started making machetes in 1960
From where do you get the metal and wood for making the sheath?
The sheath? I used metal and a knife for making the sheath
(re-emphasize) I mean, from where do you obtain the metal?
In the past, I bought the metal from Bai Gadong’s shop [in Bengoh village]
I bought a flat steel bar from the shop and used it for making machetes and knives. The smallest knife is a multipurpose tool used for wood carving, splitting and whittling rattan
First, I forged the blade bolster. Then, the cutting edge and followed by the heel. Once the blade was complete, I rasped the edge. Then, I quenched the cutting edge into the water. Lastly, I rasped the cutting edge
The process mentioned above applied to all types of machete
Can you repeat the process again?
The process of making all types of machetes are the same: kok' tekin, kok' rebak, kok' tehuk and kok' sebu are all made according to the same technique as mentioned above
It took me two hours to forge a small size machete starting from the bolster, cutting edge, heel, including completing the hilt and sheath
After I sharpen the cutting edge, I insert it into the sheath, and then I tied it to my waist, and it is ready to be used for farming purposes...
that's the overall process [while smiling]
What materials do you use for making the sheath?
I used knife
No, I mean the type of wood that you used?
Wood? I used tectona grandis/teak wood for making the sheath
After completing the sheath, I tied it [with temporary string] and inserted the blade [to ensure the sheath size was accurate]. Then, I weaved rattan for the lashings and inserted the blade into the sheath once the lashings were complete...
then, I re-sharpen the blade. Next, I carved the hilt and once the hilt is completed, I make the waist string and finally, the machete is ready to be used for farming...
carrying basket, carrying farming needs and firewood
Do you use any specific colour for the sheath motifs, and what does the colour mean?
The colours that I used have a specific meaning: the red and black colours were produced from rattan seed, but for the black colour, I mixed it with black sediment of burnt pot....
i used the colours to paint the sheath, and I used my own idea to make it look attractive
Can you explain the types of machetes?
Yes, I can. I'll explain about the agricultural machetes...
there are four types of agricultural machete: first, is kok' rebak for felling enormous tree; second, is kok’ tekin for felling medium size of tree; third, is buko tehuk for clearing overgrown grass; fourth, is buko anggok or buko tikok for weeding paddy farm
[agreement conversation] the colours are to make it more attractive...
During the cultural celebrations, the Elders mostly wearing red and black garments...does the practice followed the tradition?
Yes, the practice followed the tradition: during the cultural celebrations, the Elders mostly wearing red and black garments, [including the accessories]...
the practice inherited from the earlier generation: our ancestors used red and black garments in any cultural celebration...
for instance, this [referring to the handle grip] is called lahit, a term used since our earlier generation...
younger generation nowadays doesn't have the skill to make this [referring to the handle grip]...
only the older generation like us has the skill to weave this [referring to the handle grip]
These lashings, we called it supe...
both lashings [while pointing the middle part] known as supe...
made of rattan...
The black colour is referred to as awus, and the red colour is menguk...the sheath made of Tectona grandis/teak wood
[describing the machete] this red colour is menguk, the sheath made of shorea macrophylla wood
This is a small machete for whittling rattan...
the hilt of white Tectona grandis/teak wood
What type of machete is that? [referring to the machete that the he holds]
[husband] This is a small machete, [wife] I used it when going for trolling in the river [husband] for trolling in the river, searching for freshwater shrimp
For this machete, I used it for clearing overgrown grass...
the hilt made of teak wood...
the handle grip is made of bronze...
it is called buko tewuk...
This is the biggest machete for jungle clearing [used in slash and burn activity for land farming]...
it's called buko rebak or buko tekin...
the hilt made of durian buttress root...
the handle grip locally known as lahit, a term used by the earlier generation...
This is a modern sheath, made of PVC pipe...
i'm using PVC pipe because it is hard to find a good wood in the resettlement...
this is natural rubber
This is buko rebak
This is buko tewuk
This machete is used by my wife when trolling [for edible freshwater species]
This is buko tekin...
this machete is also used by my wife when she goes trolling in the river and splitting firewood for the fireplace
This machete is commonly brought along when travelling back to the former village...
the machete is used to remove leach from our leg when travelling back to the former village [jokingly while laughing]
Are these machetes made by yourself?
Yes, I made these machete
How do you determine the price for each machete?
It is depends on the customer choice: if he wants this type of machete for instance, I will sell it for five ringgit..
[re-emphasize] this machete I sell it for five ringgit but if it includes the sheath, I sell it for ten ringgit...
for this bigger size, I'm selling it for fifteen ringgit together with the sheath
Is there any changes in blacksmithing practices in term of the materials used and the motifs?
No. There are no changes in the blacksmithing process: it still maintained the old technique...
So, the process still maintains the old technique. [blacksmith] yes. [interviewer] But the tools have changed? For instance, in the past, you are using bamboo bellows, but now you are using a grinder?
Oh yes, the tools have changed. In the past, I'm using bamboo bellows, but now I'm using this [hand-driven propeller box, while demonstrating the spinning action]
using a grinder...[the wife asserts, 'using hand-driven propeller box']
Why are you using a grinding machine and not the bamboo bellows?
Because it is hard to find bamboo nearby the resettlement land area...land in the surrounding resettlement belongs to non-Embhan people, and I'm not brave enough to trespass 'others' land...
at one particular area nearby the resettlement [while pointing to the direction with enthusiastic expression], there is large bamboo growing at the nearby area, but we are prohibited from cutting trees outside the resettlement
Is there any taboo relating to blacksmithing practices?
The workshop is governed by its own taboo...a prohibition that was observed in the past...
the story relating to the taboo was passed on from one generation to another...
in Bung Embhan, the old village, the blacksmith will sacrifice fowl and pig before commencing the work...
[the narratives goes..] the blacksmith and his wife slept at the workshop...
the wife wore bronze bracelet...
one day, the wife brought some food for his husband to the workshop...
at that time, the blacksmith was unaware of the cultural restriction whereby women were prohibited from entering the workshop...
when the blacksmith began to forge a blade, the blade broke...he was unable to produce a fine machete...
then, an old man saying to the blacksmith, 'your blade constantly broke because your wife entered the workshop when she brought your food'...
the blacksmith replied, 'yes, yes, she brought my food and entered the workshop'...the old man further adds, 'your blade constantly break because of your wife...the breaking sign resembles woman private part'...this is how our ancestors narrated the story to us...
although you can produce a beautiful machete, the blade could break if you did not observe the cultural restriction. Therefore, a woman is prohibited from entering the workshop...
How does the taboo relate to a woman? [wife] because the breaking sign resembles a woman's private part...
until now, the cultural restriction is still being observed: a woman is prohibited from entering the workshop...
there is a recent story told by another blacksmith whereby his wife brought food for him and entered the workshop, and when he started to forge the blade, the blade break...he couldn't produce a fine machete...
since then, he prohibited a woman from entering the workshop...and he performed a ritual again to neutralize the situation...
a woman is also not allowed to touch the charcoal...
including carrying the newly made machete...
this is the story relating to workshop taboo
What about food? Is there any cultural restriction relating to what you can eat and not eat before commencing work?
We cannot bring cassava and yam to the workshop...these food are prohibited in the workshop...
your blade will break if you did not observe the cultural restriction
Do you want your children to inherit the blacksmithing skill?
I do, but they have no interest..they do not have the skill...
if they are interested, of course, I am keen to see them inherit my knowledge and skill...so, with the skill, they do not have to hire someone else to make their machete...
if my children do not have the skill, they have to buy and pay someone else for making their machete
If your children refuse to inherit the blacksmithing knowledge and skill, how do you feel about the loss of knowledge and tradition?
The blacksmithing skill and knowledge will be lost...
my tools: hammer, machetes, the traditional forging tool [while pointing to the tool] will be gone...
[in a remorse tone] when I'm old, all these tools will be gone, but if my children are keen to inherit the knowledge, these tools will still be in use...
they don't have to buy machetes if they know how to make them... it is not cheap: for instance, this machete is five ringgit...
[wife] this machete is twelve ringgit, [husband and wife] this machete is forty ringgit...[wife] machete of solid metal is forty ringgit because the size is bigger